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Table of Content

Foreword
Table of Content
Executive Summary
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
2. Fennoscandian and Northern European Russian Old-growth Forests
3. Methodology
4. Ecology and History of Forest Use
   4.1 European Boreal Forest Ecology
   4.2 Historical Land Use and Its Impacts on the Natural Forest
   4.3 Biodiversity
   4.4 Other Factors Impacting the Forests
5. Conservation Status
   5.1 Norway
   5.2 Sweden
   5.3 Finland
   5.4 Russia
   5.5 International Protection Mechanisms
6. Conclusions
7. NGO Demands
   7.1 NGO demands concerning old-growth forests in Northern European Russia
   7.2 NGO Demands Concerning the Old-growth Forests of Fennoscandia
Sources
Appendix I: Definitions Used for Old-growth Forest
   Russian Definition Used for Old-growth Forest
   Fennoscandian Definition Used for Old-growth Forest
Appendix II: Criteria and Methodologies Used in the Mapping Process
   Norway
   Sweden
   Finland
   Russia

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